Facts: The accused faced charges under various provisions of the UAPA, IPC, and Arms Act, having been arrested in November 2022. The National Investigation Agency (NIA) failed to complete the investigation within the stipulated 90 days as per Section 43D(2) of the UAPA. It is important to note that Section 167 of the CrPC applies to Section 43D(2) with modifications. During this period, the trial court extended the accused's custody based on an oral request from the NIA. When the case was heard, the accused did not exercise his right to default bail. On the same day, after the NIA applied for an extension under Section 43D(2)(b), the accused filed for default bail in the afternoon. The trial court decided both applications together, granting the NIA's request while dismissing the accused's bail application. The accused challenged this decision before the Karnataka High Court, arguing that the trial court failed to inform him of his right to apply for bail. The High Court rejected the petition, stating that the NIA had valid reasons for not filing the chargesheet within 90 days. This order was subsequently challenged in the Supreme Court.